微分(fen)離技術(shu)

        從某(mou)種(zhong)意義(yi)上而(er)言(yan),早(zao)期的微流(liu)控芯片(pian)就(jiu)是(shi)壹(yi)種(zhong)微(wei)分(fen)離器件,芯片(pian)微分(fen)離中(zhong)最(zui)普(pu)遍(bian)采用(yong)的(de)壹(yi)種(zhong)形式(shi)就(jiu)是(shi)電(dian)泳(yong).

1.膠束電(dian)動(dong)芯片(pian)色譜

        實際上有(you)和色(se)譜類似的兩相(xiang)存在(zai)於(yu)含(han)有(you)膠(jiao)束的緩(huan)沖(chong)液中(zhong),分(fen)別(bie)為起到(dao)膠(jiao)束相(xiang)以(yi)及(ji)水相(xiang),其(qi)中(zhong)膠束(shu)相(xiang)起到(dao)固(gu)定(ding)的作(zuo)用(yong)在(zai)兩相(xiang)之間對溶質進(jin)行(xing)分(fen)配,因為其(qi)在(zai)膠束(shu)中(zhong)的保(bao)留能力不壹(yi)樣,因(yin)此產(chan)生(sheng)的(de)保(bao)留值也(ye)不相(xiang)同.

2.芯片(pian)自由流(liu)電(dian)泳(yong)

        自由流(liu)電(dian)泳(yong)是(shi)指將壹(yi)個直(zhi)流(liu)電(dian)場(chang)加(jia)在(zai)樣品(pin)隨(sui)緩(huan)沖液連(lian)續(xu)流(liu)動的正(zheng)交方(fang)向(xiang),使(shi)得(de)被分(fen)離物質在(zai)流(liu)動的同時順(shun)電(dian)場(chang)方(fang)向(xiang)作(zuo)電(dian)遷(qian)移,根(gen)據電(dian)泳(yong)倘度(du)的大小分(fen)離,並(bing)且在(zai)流(liu)體尾部被接取(qu)的(de)技(ji)術(shu),電(dian)場(chang)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)以(yi)及(ji)流(liu)體向(xiang)下(xia)流(liu)動的速度(du)決定(ding)了(le)分(fen)離度(du).

3.介(jie)電(dian)電(dian)泳(yong)

        在(zai)不均(jun)勻(yun)的(de)電(dian)場(chang)下(xia)放(fang)置(zhi)電(dian)中(zhong)性(xing)顆粒(li),其(qi)會誘導(dao)極化(hua)產生(sheng),並(bing)且其(qi)和(he)電(dian)場(chang)相(xiang)互作(zuo)用(yong)而(er)使(shi)電(dian)泳(yong)動現(xian)象(xiang)產(chan)生(sheng).

    4.自(zi)由溶液區(qu)帶芯片(pian)電(dian)泳(yong)

        自由溶液區(qu)帶芯片(pian)電(dian)泳(yong)是(shi)指直(zhi)接利(li)用(yong)物(wu)質的(de)質荷(he)比不同在(zai)開關通(tong)道中(zhong)實現(xian)分(fen)離的壹種電(dian)泳(yong)形式(shi),在(zai)各(ge)種(zhong)電(dian)泳(yong)分(fen)離中(zhong),其(qi)也(ye)是(shi)最(zui)基(ji)本(ben)的壹(yi)種(zhong),具(ju)有相(xiang)對比較(jiao)少的(de)影(ying)響(xiang)因素(su),在(zai)芯片(pian)上容(rong)易實現(xian).

5.介(jie)質篩(shai)分(fen)芯片(pian)電(dian)泳(yong)

        利用(yong)生(sheng)物(wu)大(da)分(fen)子和篩(shai)分(fen)介(jie)質之(zhi)間的動(dong)態(tai)交纏作用(yong)根(gen)據分(fen)子質量(liang)的(de)大(da)小(xiao)不(bu)同將被(bei)分(fen)離物質分(fen)開的壹種技術(shu),叫做(zuo)篩(shai)分(fen)電(dian)泳(yong),這(zhe)種(zhong)電(dian)泳(yong)分(fen)離模式應用(yong)最(zui)為(wei)廣泛(fan),其(qi)在(zai)傳統的平(ping)板(ban)電(dian)泳(yong)和毛(mao)細(xi)管(guan)電(dian)泳(yong)中(zhong)研究最(zui)多(duo).

6.電(dian)色(se)譜

        因為對於(yu)壹(yi)些(xie)強(qiang)疏水物(wu)質,自(zi)由溶液區(qu)帶芯片(pian)電(dian)泳(yong)的效果(guo)不(bu)是(shi)很(hen)好,所(suo)以(yi),就(jiu)需要(yao)將色(se)譜(pu)分(fen)配的概念(nian)引(yin)入到(dao)電(dian)泳(yong)過程(cheng)中(zhong).通(tong)過不同組分(fen)分(fen)配不同的系(xi)數來對分(fen)離強化.芯片(pian)電(dian)泳(yong)和液相(xiang)色譜(pu)在(zai)某(mou)種(zhong)程(cheng)度(du)上的(de)結合(he)就(jiu)是(shi)芯片(pian)電(dian)動(dong)色譜,使(shi)MEMS技(ji)術(shu)的高精確(que)度(du)